Plasma S100A12 Levels and Peripheral Arterial Disease in End-Stage Renal Disease

BACKGROUND S100A12 is an endogenous ligand of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Plasma S100A12 levels are high in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is common in HD patients and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates in this population. To date, however, no study has specifically assessed the relationship between plasma S100A12 and PAD in HD patients. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 152 HD patients in our affiliated hospital. We investigated PAD history and patient characteristics and quantified plasma S100A12 levels in all participants. RESULTS HD patients with PAD (n = 26; 21.9 [13.6-33.4] ng/ml) showed significantly higher plasma S100A12 levels than HD patients without PAD (n = 126; 11.8 [7.5-17.6]ng/ml; p < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the plasma S100A12 level (odds ratio [OR] 5.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-25.3; p = 0.022) was identified as an independent factor associated with PAD prevalence. Another factor associated with PAD prevalence was the ankle-brachial index (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.40-0.74; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These results suggest that plasma S100A12 levels are strongly associated with PAD prevalence in ESRD patients undergoing HD.